It is an abnormal curvature of the spine. The type of curvature can be C-shaped or S-shaped, depending on the number of curves that are arranged along the spinal column.

Etiology:

The cause of scoliosis in most cases in idiopathic. (It is unknown)

It tends to develop more frequently in girls and worsens when the person’s growth period is rapid.

We can define 2 types of scoliosis:

• Structured: When we perform a trunk flexion, the curvature of the spine is maintained.
•  Unstructured: When we do a trunk flexion, the curvature of the back is rectified and we see a back that returns to its natural position.

In the first case, the symptoms and complications will be greater.

Anatomical memory:

The vertebral column is made up of 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 dorsal, 5 lumbar vertebrae, the sacrum and coccyx that articulate with each other.

Each vertebra is mainly composed of a body, 2 transverse processes, 1 spinous process, and facet joints.

In addition, we can differentiate 2 types of curvature of the spine such as kyphosis and lordosis.

Kyphosis is found in the dorsal and sacral area, while lordosis is found in the cervical and lumbar area.

The areas where the change from one area to another of the column is made is called hinge. The first is found between the C-7 / D-1 vertebrae, the second between D-12 / L-1 and finally between L-5 / S-1

For there to be a good articulation, stability and cushioning between the vertebrae, we have an intervertebral disc, some ligaments and the muscles themselves.

The intervertebral disc is very important, which is a fundamental part of the spine and which helps us to withstand this compression very well but behaves very badly with respect to shearing.

Signs and symptoms:

There are usually no symptoms until the scoliosis begins to be somewhat more structured or marked.

If we can find some of the following signs:

• Uneven shoulders
•  Curvature in the spine
•  Uneven hips

Symptoms that may appear when the pathology worsens:

• Back pain
•  Respiratory problems
•  Reduced mobility
•  Poor spinal stability

Treatment:

Treatment will be determined by the type of scoliosis and the symptoms you are suffering from.

Some of the treatments can be:

• Corset (Stabilize and try to prevent scoliosis from progressing so fast).
•  Fusion of the spine using surgical material (metal rods to keep the affected area of ​​the back permanently straight, the mobility of the fused vertebrae is canceled).
•  Physiotherapy and physical activity.

Scoliosis and EMS:

In this type of pathology, it is very important that we observe which is the case of each client and determine well the objective for which he wants to start training.

If scoliosis is not giving you any problems or you do not have symptoms, you can do a normal training. On the contrary, if you have a problem, our main work should be aimed at training that does not worsen that problem and if it is possible to improve it. Eg back pain.

Above all we have to be very careful not to stimulate the muscles that may be affected by scoliosis too intensely, since we can worsen its evolution by generating greater discomfort or decompensation.