ADAPTATION TO THE ORGANISM TO TRAINING IN RESISTANCE EFFORTS

The physical exercise that is carried out with a large amount of active muscles but with a low development of strength, called dynamic, triggers a series of modifications in the body that facilitate its performance. These changes can be momentary and temporary, and disappear after exercise: they are the responses or adjustments. However, when the variations remain over time, either of the structure, of the function or both, facilitating a better response to the same stimulus, we speak of adaptations . The consequence of biological adaptation is that the organism responds better to the same stimulus. Thus, from a strictly biological point of view, the goal of training is adaptation.

Now we will explain the different adaptations that the aforementioned systems undergo.

Respiratory system: the respiratory system is responsible for supplying o2 to the tissues and removing co2. To achieve this, respiration is divided into ventilation, diffusion, transport, and regulation. It is also in charge of maintaining the homeostasis of the concentration of gases in the arterial blood to minimize the physiological cost as much as possible.

Cardiovascular system: the cardiovascular system is the system in charge of supplying o2 and nutrients to the muscle, removing metabolic products, regulating temperature and maintaining homeostasis in the face of the imbalance caused by exercise.

Changes produced in the blood: The blood is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to the muscles. At this point we will talk about the hemoglobin dissociation curve.

For a person to begin to develop these types of adaptations, they must train for a time greater than 4 weeks. Performing continuous exercise for less than 4 weeks does not cause any adaptation in the body, it only creates responses.

Cardiovascular system adaptations:

Greater efficiency of the cardiac pump at rest due to:

– Heart rate reduction.

– Increase in stroke volume.

Greater efficiency of the cardiac pump in exercise due to:

– Increase in cardiac mass that determines a higher stroke volume.

– Decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption.

– Increased collateral circulation.

Greater circulation efficiency by:

– Lowering of peripheral resistances.

Respiratory apparatus adaptations:

Greater respiratory efficiency in exercise due to:

– Increased ventilation due to better mechanics.

– Increased alveolar-capillary diffusion.

– Improved ventilation / perfusion ratio.

Adaptations in Blood:

Increased gas transport capacity by:

– Increased hemoglobin concentration.

– Increase in red blood cells.

– Shift of the dissociation curve of hemoglobin to the right.

Muscle tissue adaptations:

Increased oxygen utilization capacity and metabolism by:

– Greater amount of capillaries.

– Increased concentration of substrates.

– Increased concentration and activity of enzymes.

– Increase in the number and size of mitochondria.